日本の社会心理学者たちは，活発な研究活動を展開・公表しており，その成果は日本語による論文であれば例えば日本社会心理学会の機関誌である「社会心理学研究」等の学会誌に掲載され，また学術書として公刊されています．一方，当然のことながら学問に国境はなく，特に近年では国際的な論文誌や書籍にその成果が掲載されることも増えてきました．しかし，こうした国際的成果をくまなく知ることは，あまりにそのフィールドが広いためにあまり容易ではありませんでした．
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現在の掲載論文数は，533件です．
Masuda et al. (2016)
Masuda, T. (増田貴彦), Ishii, K. (石井敬子), & Kimura, J. (2016). When does the culturally dominant mode of attention appear or disappear? Comparing patterns of eye movement during the visual flicker task between European Canadians and Japanese. 文化的に優勢な注意様式はどんな時に生じ、または生じないか？ カナダ人と日本人における視覚的フリッカー課題間の眼球運動パターンの比較 Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. doi: 10.1177/0022022116653830
Previous findings in culture and attention reported mixed results. While some studies demonstrated systematic cultural variations in patterns of eye movement, other studies reported that the magnitude of the effects is minor. To further scrutinize when cultural variations in attention are attenuated or enhanced, we conducted a new series of visual flicker tasks while making changes in focal figures more salient than those in the background. European Canadian and Japanese participants searched for a change in a pair of quickly alternating still images. The task consisted of two parts: In the majority of trials, we set a change in part of either the focal object or the background (change trials), while in some trials, a pair of identical images was presented unbeknownst to participants (no-change trials), which resulted in forcing participants to search for a nonexistent change for 1 min. We then measured patterns of eye movement during each type of trial. The results of the change trials indicated that there were no cultural variations in change detection styles, nor were there cultural variations in eye movement patterns except for the total fixation duration, suggesting in general that both groups exhibited similar bottom-up patterns of attention. However, in the no-change trials, there were substantial cultural variations in eye movement patterns: European Canadians substantially attended to the focal figures longer and more frequently than to the backgrounds, whereas Japanese equally allocated their attention to both the focal figures and the backgrounds, suggesting that culturally unique top-down patterns were more evident.
Jung (2016)
Jung, K. H. (鄭珪煕) (2016). Happiness as an Additional Antecedent of Schadenfreude. シャーデンフロイデの付加的先行要因としての幸福感 Journal of Positive Psychology. doi: 10.1080/17439760.2016.1173224
The current study examined whether dispositionally happy individuals feel less happiness when another person experiences a misfortune. Happy individuals are known to be less vulnerable to upward comparison information. In addition, schadenfreude is elicited by upward comparison targets (e.g. high achievers and tall poppies). Thus, it was assumed that happiness would decrease schadenfreude. The lower level of hostile feelings in happy individuals, which are elicited by threats to one’s person and inferiority heightened when confronted with a high achiever, was hypothesized to decrease schadenfreude. Studies 1 and 2 were conducted with scenario experiments, and the hypotheses were supported in both studies. Regression analyses revealed a significant direct effect of happiness on a reduction in schadenfreude. How not feeling schadenfreude when witness another person’s misfortune helps people maintain and/or increase their happiness is discussed.
Iwai, & Shishido (2015)
Iwai, N.（岩井紀子）, & Shishido, K. (2015). The Impact of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident on People’s Perception of Disaster Risks and Attitudes Toward Nuclear Energy Policy. 東日本大震災・福島第一原子力発電所の事故が災害リスクの認知および原子力政策への態度に与えた影響 Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research, 2(3), 172-195. doi: 10.15206/ajpor.2015.2.3.172
Multiple nationwide opinion surveys, carried out by the government (cabinet office), major media (national newspapers and NHK), the National Institute for Environmental Studies, and the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, have revealed that the Fukushima nuclear accident has heightened people’s perception of disaster risks, fear of nuclear accidents, and increased recognition of pollution issues, and has changed public opinion on nuclear energy policy. The opinion gap on nuclear energy policy between specialists and lay people has widened since the disaster. The results of the Japanese General Social Survey data show that objections to the promotion of nuclear energy are strong among females, and weaker among young males and the supporters of the LDP. These findings are similar to the data collected after the Chernobyl accident. People who live in a 70km radius of nuclear plants tend to evaluate nuclear disaster risks higher. Distance from nuclear plants and the perception of earthquake risk interactively correlate with opinions on nuclear issues. Among people whose evaluation of earthquake risk is low, those who live nearer to the plants are more likely to object to the abolishment of nuclear plants. It was also found that the nuclear disaster has changed people’s behavior; they now try to save electricity. The level of commitment to energy saving is found to relate to opinions on nuclear issues.
Shikishima et al. (2015)
Shikishima, C.（敷島千鶴）, Hiraishi, K.（平石界）, Yamagata, S., Ando, J., & Okada, M. (2015). Genetic factors of individual differences in decision making in economic behavior: A Japanese twin study using the Allais problem. 経済行動の意思決定における個人差に寄与する遺伝要因：アレのパラドクスを用いた日本の双生児研究 Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01712
Why does decision making differ among individuals? People sometimes make seemingly inconsistent decisions with lower expected (monetary) utility even when objective information of probabilities and reward are provided. It is noteworthy, however, that a certain proportion of people do not provide anomalous responses, choosing the alternatives with higher expected utility, thus appearing to be more “rational.” We investigated the genetic and environmental influences on these types of individual differences in decision making using a classical Allais problem task. Participants were 1,199 Japanese adult twins aged 20–47. Univariate genetic analysis revealed that approximately a third of the Allais problem response variance was explained by genetic factors and the rest by environmental factors unique to individuals and measurement error. The environmental factor shared between families did not contribute to the variance. Subsequent multivariate genetic analysis clarified that decision making using the expected utility theory was associated with general intelligence and that the association was largely mediated by the same genetic factor. We approach the mechanism underlying two types of “rational” decision making from the perspective of genetic correlations with cognitive abilities.
Hayase (2016)
Hayase, K. (早瀬光司) (2016). Concerns Involving the Self: What Is It That You Really Worry about, Regret, or Are Anxious about, When Things Do Not Go Right for You? 「自分の思い通りにしたい、という思い」：物事が自分の思い通りにならないとき、人が心配したり、後悔したり、不安になったりしている本当の的（まと）は何か？ Psychology, 7(4), 627-647. doi: 10.4236/psych.2016.74065
In two studies conducted in the US and Japan in 2012, more than 1000 respondents in each country were asked to report their subjective opinions and attitudes about situations that caused them regret, concern, worry, and anxiety. Although exploratory factor analyses extracted many latent factors from the 80 questions, a common latent inner factor was extracted from five questions that examined key psychological phenomena: worry at the present time, bothersome concerns in the present, regret for the past, anxiety about the future, and unpleasant experience in the past. Confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling of the latent variables (SEM/LV) provided convincing evidence of the existence of the common latent inner factor in both countries. Because each of the five key phenomena reflected concerns involving the self, the common latent inner factor was labeled “Being unable to detach from concerns involving the self.” The same latent inner factor was also confirmed in SEM/LV of the combined US- Japanese data. Women, younger people, and people with lower levels of education were less able to detach from concerns involving the self than were men, older people, and people with higher levels of education. This was true in the samples from both independent (US) and interdependent (Japan) cultures. Psychological and philosophical implications of the latent inner factor were discussed.
Shibuya (2017)
Shibuya, K. (渋谷和彦) (2017). Bridging between Cyber Politics and Collective Dynamics of Social Movement. Khosrow-Pour, M. (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology (4th Edition), IGI Global.
Ishiyama (2013)
Ishiyama, R. (石山玲子) (2013). Japan: Why So Few Women Journalists? Byerly, C. M. (2013). (Ed.) The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Journalism, Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 404-418. ISBN 978-1-137-27324-6
This handbook offers the first global study of women’s employment in news using survey data. It comprises chapters on 29 nations from all regions of the world, authored by local researchers who have a depth of knowledge about their nations’ culture, history, gender relations and journalism.
Kase et al. (2016)
Kase, T.（嘉瀬貴祥）, Endo, S., & Oishi, K. (2016). Process linking social support to mental health through a sense of coherence in Japanese university students. 日本人大学生におけるソーシャル・サポートが首尾一貫感覚を介して精神的健康と結びつく過程の検討 Mental Health & Prevention. doi: 10.1016/j.mhp.2016.05.00
This study aims to investigate the relationships among mental health, a “sense of coherence” (SOC), and social support in Japanese university students with a focus on gender differences. Participants (548 university students) completed General Health Questionnaire-12, of the SOC-13 scales, and of the social support scale. Structural equation modeling indicates indicate that improvement in social support may be effective in strengthening SOC as a precaution against the decline of mental health in university students. Additionally, it is suggested that enhancing support from friends in males and support from family members and special people in females is effective in strengthening SOC.
Tsuboya et al. (2016)
Tsuboya, T., Aida, J., Hikichi, H.（引地博之）, Subramanian, SV., Kondo, K., Osaka, K., & Kawachi, I. (2016). Predictors of depressive symptoms following the Great East Japan earthquake: A prospective study. 東日本大震災後のうつ症状発症の予測要因：震災前のデータを活用した前向き研究の結果から Social Science & Medicine. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.05.026
We sought to investigate prospectively the association between exposure to disaster (the 2011 East Japan Earthquake) and change in depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adult survivors. We used two waves of data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES), an ongoing population-based, prospective cohort study in Japan. A unique feature of our study was the availability of information about mental health status pre-dating the disaster. Our sample comprised community-dwelling survivors aged 65 and older, who responded to surveys in 2010 (i.e. one year before the disaster) and in 2013 (n = 3464). We categorized disaster exposure according to three types of experiences: loss of family/friends, property damage, and disruption in access to medical service. Our main outcome was change in depressive symptoms, measured by the 15-item geriatric depression scale (GDS). Among the participants, 917 (26.5%) reported losing a family member to the disaster, while a further 537 (15.5%) reported losing a friend. More than half of the participants reported some damage to their homes. After adjusting for demographics and baseline mental health, people whose homes were completely destroyed had significantly elevated depressive symptom scores three years later (+1.22 points, 95%CI: 0.80, 1.64, p < 0.0001). Disruption of psychiatric care was also associated with change in GDS scores (+2.51 points, 95%CI: 1.28, 3.74, p < 0.0001). By contrast, loss of family/friends was no longer associated with GDS after 3 years; +0.18 points (95%CI: −0.018, 0.37, p = 0.08) for loss of family, and −0.045 points (95%CI: −0.28, 0.19, p = 0.71) for loss of friends. Three years after the disaster, survivors of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami appeared to have recovered from loss of loved ones. By contrast, property loss and disruption of psychiatry care were associated with persistent adverse impact on mental health.
Schug et al. (2016)
Schug, J.（シューグ・ジョアンナ）, Takagishi, H.（高岸治人）, Benech, C., & Okada, H. (2016). The development of theory of mind and positive and negative reciprocity in preschool children. 未就学児における互恵性と心の理論の発達 Frontiers in Psychology. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00888
This study examined the relation between the acquisition of false-beliefs theory of mind and reciprocity in preschoolers. Preschool-aged children completed a task assessing the understanding of false beliefs, and played an Ultimatum Game (UG) with another child in a face-to-face setting. Negative reciprocity was assessed by examining the rejection of unfair offers made by another child in the UG, while positive reciprocity by examining allocations made by participants in a Dictator Game (DG) following the UG. The results indicated that children who had passed a task assessing first-order false beliefs were more likely to make generous offers in a DG following a fair offer made by their partner in a proceeding UG, but that the false beliefs theory of mind was unrelated to the rejection of unfair offers in the UG.