国際誌論文データベース

de Lissa, P., Watanabe, K., Gu, L., Ishii, T.（石井辰典）, Nakamura, K., Kimura, T., Sagasaki, A., & Caldara, R. (2022).
Race categorization in noise.
ノイズの中での顔識別課題と人種効果
i-Perception, 13(4), 1-14.
https://doi.org/10.1177/20416695221119530

People are typically faster to categorize the race of a face if it belongs to a race different from their own. This Other Race Categorization Advantage (ORCA) is thought to reflect an enhanced sensitivity to the visual race signals of other race faces, leading to faster response times. The current study investigated this sensitivity in a cross-cultural sample of Swiss and Japanese observers with a race categorization task using faces that had been parametrically degraded of visual structure, with normalized luminance and contrast. While Swiss observers exhibited an increasingly strong ORCA in both reaction time and accuracy as the face images were visually degraded up to 20% structural coherence, the Japanese observers manifested this pattern most distinctly when the faces were fully structurally-intact. Critically, for both observer groups, there was a clear accuracy effect at the 20% structural coherence level, indicating that the enhanced sensitivity to other race visual signals persists in significantly degraded stimuli. These results suggest that different cultural groups may rely on and extract distinct types of visual race signals during categorization, which may depend on the available visual information. Nevertheless, heavily degraded stimuli specifically favor the perception of other race faces, indicating that the visual system is tuned by experience and is sensitive to the detection of unfamiliar signals.

この研究では、ノイズの中の顔刺激がアジア人であるか欧米人であるかを識別する課題を、日本人大学生とスイス人学生に実施しました。一般的には「人は他人種の顔に敏感である」と言われていますので、日本人参加者は欧米人の顔の識別に、スイス人参加者はアジア人の顔の識別にそれぞれ優れるのではないかと仮説が立てられました。そしてオンライン実験を実施したところ、概ねこの仮説通りの結果が得られました。ただ、参加者グループによってわずかに結果が異なる部分もあり、顔刺激の識別過程について、さらに検証が必要であると考えられました。

Miyagawa, Y. (宮川裕基) & Kanemasa, Y. (金政祐司) (2022).
Insecure attachment and psychological intimate partner violence perpetration: Low self-compassion and compassionate goals as mediators.
不安定なアタッチメントと親密なパートナーへの心理的暴力加害―セルフ・コンパッションと思いやり目標を媒介要因として― 
Journal of Family Violence.
Advance online publication.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-022-00436-z

Purpose In this pre-registered research, we tested how attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were related to psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. Specifically, we examined the mediating roles of self-compassion and compassionate goals in these associations. Method Available data were collected online from 513 participants (241 men, 272 women) who were currently in a dating relationship in Japan. These participants completed a measure of general romantic attachment styles and, then, brought their current dating partners to mind. Subsequently, they completed measures of compassionate goals, self-compassion, and psychological IPV perpetration and victimization in their current dating relationships. Results We tested the saturated mediation model in which we treated attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance as predictors, self-compassion and compassionate goals as parallel mediators, and psychological IPV perpetration as an outcome variable. Multiple mediation analyses indicated that low self-compassion mediated the positive associations between attachment anxiety and psychological IPV perpetration, point estimate = 0.006, 95% CI [0.003, 0.010], and between attachment avoidance and psychological IPV perpetration, point estimate = 0.004, 95% CI [0.002, 0.008]. Furthermore, low compassionate goals mediated the positive association between attachment avoidance and psychological IPV perpetration, point estimate = 0.018, 95% CI [0.010, 0.026]. These indirect effects remained significant even when the influence of psychological IPV victimization and covariates, such as participants’ sex and relationship characteristics, were considered in the model. Conclusions Our findings imply that insecure attachment styles may orient people to be less compassionate toward themselves and their relationship partners and, thus, engage in psychological IPV perpetration.

Nishimura T(西村太志), Souma T(相馬敏彦), Kito M(鬼頭美江), Taniguchi J(谷口淳一), Kanemasa Y(金政祐司), Yamada J(山田順子) and Miyagawa Y(宮川裕基) (2022)
Collaboration among psychological researchers, the government, and non- profit organizations for “Konkatsu” (marriage hunting) in Japan.
日本における「婚活」支援に関する心理学者と行政等の協働
Frontiers in Psychology, 13:982102.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.982102

In contemporary Japanese society, it is difficult to find a marriage partner, and therefore, “Konkatsu”, the search for a marriage partner, has become a socially accepted activity in Japan. In response to this social challenge, in addition to private companies, governments and non-profit organizations are supporting individuals in their search for a marriage partner. This paper reviews statistical information related to marriage hunting published in Japan. In addition, some of the authors’ collaborative activities and academic publications based on these activities are reviewed. Subsequently, the paper discusses and highlights the importance of helping individuals have confidence in their physical attractiveness.

Ogawa, K (小川一美) & Hall, J. A. (2022).
Development of the Test of Nonverbal Cue Knowledge-II (TONCK-II). 
非言語的手がかりに関する知識テスト-II (Test of Nonverbal Cue Knowledge-II ; TONCK-II) の開発
Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 46(4),
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10919-022-00414-5

The Test of Nonverbal Cue Knowledge (TONCK; Rosip and Hall in J Nonverbal Behav 28(4): 267–286, 2004) was developed to measure explicit knowledge of nonverbal cue meanings and usages. The objective of this research was to develop the TONCK-II, which is a shortened version of the TONCK to address the weaknesses of TONCK and to facilitate use. In Study 1, we partially revised the items of the TONCK scale to increase its appropriateness and reduce the number of items based on discrimination parameters and difficulty parameters. Through Study 1, 2, and 3, the reliabilities of TONCK-II were confirmed from the ω coefficient. The correlations with participants’ motivation to accurately decode others’ nonverbal cues as well as their self-assessment of ability to accurately decode such cues were not significant or correlated only weakly. Moreover, TONCK-II showed only a weak positive correlation with cognitive intelligence in Study 3. That is, the discriminant validity of TONCK-II was supported. Convergent validity was demonstrated in Study 2 by a significant positive correlation with GEMOK-Features (Schlegel and Scherer in Cogn Emot 32(8): 1514–1530, 2018), a test that measures accurate semantic knowledge about the experience and expression of emotions, and by the relation to the original TONCK in Study 3. In relation to demographic variables, women had significantly higher TONCK-II scores than men, especially in the younger generation, but other demographic variables showed no strong correlation with TONCK-II. Finally, based on the results, the characteristics and future directions regarding TONCK-II and research issues of knowledge about nonverbal communication were discussed.

本研究では，RosipとHall (2004)が非言語的手がかりの意味や利用に関する顕在的知識を測定するために作成したTest of Nonverbal Cue Knowledge (TONCK)の短所を改善し，利用可能性を高めた短縮版のテスト（Test of Nonverbal Cue Knowledge-II; TONCK-II) を開発した。3つの研究から，TONCK-IIの信頼性と妥当性を検証し，非言語的手がかりに関する知識と人口統計学的変数との関連についても検討した。

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https://rdcu.be/cU1w3

Shimizu, Y.(清水佑輔), Hashimoto, T.(橋本剛明), & Karasawa, K.(唐沢かおり) (2022).
Relationship between disease avoidance and attitudes toward older people.
感染嫌悪と高齢者への態度の関連
Advances in Gerontology, 12(3), 242-246.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079057022030110

Negative attitudes toward older people persist, leading to the neglect and marginalization of older adults’ will. The social group of older people is often perceived as being overly associated with disease, and disease avoidance is related to negative attitudes. Meanwhile, people with higher disease avoidance tend to avoid others, not just older adults. Therefore, whether disease avoidance and attitudes toward older people have a significant relationship should be examined, even after controlling for attitudes toward general others (i.e., younger people) and other personality determinants of social interactions (i.e., extroversion, general trust). We conducted an online survey of Japanese participants (n = 962). The results showed that the relationship between higher disease avoidance and ageist attitudes was significant, even after controlling for the above variables. Psychological interventions that weaken the cognitive link between older adults and disease would effectively reduce ageism. The limitations and future directions of this study are discussed.

Jonason, P.K., Czerwiński, S.K., Tobaldo, F. Ramos-Diaz, J., Adamovic, M., Adams, B.G., Ardi, R., Bălțătescu, S., Cha, Y.S., Chobthamkit, P., El-Astal, S., Gundolf, K., Jukić, T., Knezović, E., Liik, K., Maltby, J., Mamuti, A., Milfont, T.L., Moreta-Herrera, R., Park, J.（パクジュナ）, Piotrowski, J., Samekin, A., Tiliouine, H., Tomšik, R., Umeh, C., van den Bos, K., Vauclair, C-M., Włodarczyk, A., Yahiiaiev, I., Żemojtel-Piotrowska, M., & Sedikides, C. (2022).
Milieu effects on the Dark Triad traits and their sex differences in 49 countries.
49ヶ国の「ダークトライアド」の特性に対する環境効果とその性差
Personality and Individual Differences, 197, 111796
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111796

Most research on the development of personality traits like the Dark Triad (i.e., narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) focuses on local effects like parenting style or attachment, but people live in a larger society that may set the stage for any local effects. Here we paired nation-level data on the traits from 49 nations with several milieu indicators (e.g., life expectancy, homicide rates) from three timepoints (and change among them) where the average participant (≈ 22yo) would have been a child (≈ 6yo), a pre-teen (≈ 11yo), and a teenager (≈ 16yo). Congruent with previous research, variance in narcissism was far more sensitive to variance in milieu conditions in general and across all three time points than variance in Machiavellianism or psychopathy. The milieu conditions differentiated the traits somewhat with income and education revealing negative correlations with narcissism, positive correlations with Machiavellianism, and null correlations with psychopathy. Sex differences in Machiavellianism and narcissism were correlated with homicide rates across the three timepoints. The evidence that changes in milieu conditions in ones’ past predicts the traits was erratic, but larger sex differences in the traits were associated with decreased life expectancies and homicide rates between childhood and pre-teens.

Maeda, K. (前田楓), Kumai, Y. (熊井優日), & Hashimoto, H.(橋本博文) (2022) 
Potential influence of decision time on punishment behavior and its evaluation. 
罰行動とその評価に対する意思決定時間の効果
Frontiers in Psychology, 13:794953. 
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.794953

Previous studies on whether punishers are rewarded by reputational gains have yielded conflicting results. Some studies have argued that punitive behaviors potentially result in a positive evaluation, while others have found the opposite. This study aims to clarify the conditions that lead to the positive evaluation of costly punishment. Study 1 utilized one-round and repeated public goods game (PGG) situations and manipulated decision time for participants’ punitive behavior toward the non-cooperative person in the situation. We also asked participants to report their impression evaluations of punitive behavior toward non-cooperative people. Moreover, utilizing the second- and third-party punishment games, Study 2 manipulated the decision time of participants’ punitive behavior toward the self-interested person and asked them to evaluate the punitive behavior. The results showed that those who punished intuitively were not likely to be evaluated positively. However, punishers were rewarded when the decision to punish was made after deliberation or made by those who were not direct victims. These findings extend previous research on the evaluation of punitive behavior and reveal that deliberative punishment is evaluated positively occasionally.

Ogihara, Y. (荻原祐二) (2022).
Ethnic differences in names in China: A comparison between Chinese Mongolian and Han Chinese cultures in Inner Mongolia.
中国における名前の民族差：内モンゴルの中国系モンゴル文化と漢民族文化の比較
F1000Research, 11, 55. 
https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.76837.1

I propose two suggestions on Stojcic et al.’s (2020) Study 3, which examined ethnic differences in individualism between Chinese Mongolian and Han Chinese cultures in China. The authors analyzed the names of all residents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China and found that the percentages of common names among Chinese Mongolians were smaller than those among Han Chinese. The authors concluded that Chinese Mongolians are more independent than Han Chinese. However, two questions remain unanswered. First, although the authors analyzed the names of people in all age groups together and did not analyze the names by birth year, how was the effect of time controlled? Second, although the authors treated name indices, which have been used as group-level indicators in previous research, as individual-level indicators, how did the authors confirm whether name indices can be used as individual-level indicators? Addressing these two questions would contribute to a better understanding of ethnic differences in individualism in China.

Hashimoto, H. (橋本博文), Maeda, K. (前田楓), Yamamoto, K. (山本佳祐), Mifune, N. (三船恒裕) (2022). 
Willingness to be the recipient during the dictator game.
独裁者ゲームにおいて「受け手になりたい」と思う人たち
BMC Research Notes, 15: 261
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-022-06148-3

Objective: Researchers have investigated human altruism toward strangers for decades, using economic games such as the dictator game (DG) in their experiments. However, factors that cause the allocating behavior exhibited by those participants willing to be recipients in the DG have not been identified and the psychological mechanism of avoiding decision-making in economic games has not been widely addressed in previous studies. This study aimed to replicate previous findings regarding the number of people who are willing to be assigned the role of recipient and their allocation behavior and to explore why they share more than people who are willing to be dictators. Results: We demonstrate that there are people willing to be assigned the role of the recipient, rather than the role of the dictator during the dictator game. In addition, we find evidence indicating that people who are willing to be recipients behave more altruistically in the dictator game than those who prefer to be dictators. Based on our results, we argue that willingness to be a recipient, in relation to the psychological unwillingness to assume responsibility and reputational concerns, is a strategic consideration.

Park, J. (パクジュナ）& Joshanloo, M. (2022). 
Mediating and moderating effects of perceived social support on the relationship between discrimination and well-being: A study of South Koreans living in Japan.
差別と幸福の関係におけるソーシャルサポートの媒介効果および調整効果：日本在住の韓国人を対象とした研究
Frontiers in Psychology.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.922201

We examined the relationship between discrimination and mental wellbeing among South Korean residents (N = 181) in Japan. The roles of need for belonging (NTB) as a mediator and identification with one’s group as a moderator of this relationship were examined. Perceived social support was also examined as both a potential moderator and mediator. We also included a measure of perceived in-group inclusion in the host society, the Circle of Ingroup Inclusion (CII), to examine its influence on the relationship between discrimination and wellbeing. Three types of coping styles-active constructive coping, passive constructive coping, and destructive coping-were controlled for in the analysis. Results showed that participants’ educational level, socioeconomic status, and different coping styles predicted wellbeing; however, discrimination was the strongest (negative) predictor of wellbeing. Social support was both a moderator and mediator of the relationship between discrimination and wellbeing, suggesting that perceived social support not only buffers the negative effect of discrimination on wellbeing, but also partially explains the negative association between discrimination and wellbeing. NTB was not a significant mediator. Identification with one’s ethnic group and perceived membership in one’s group also did not affect the relationship. The results suggest that it is important to consider social support based on interpersonal relationships among members of minority groups in Japanese society. The psychological factors involved in acculturation processes may be different in different ethnic groups. This study calls for greater consideration of group-specific characteristics in understanding acculturation processes and interactions between groups in society.